U NET : NET SET PHD EXAM

 Learn about the major branches and theories of English Literature in simple language. This guide explains important literary approaches such as Diaspora Studies, Feminism, Postcolonial Theory, Structuralism, Ecocriticism, Reader-Response Theory, and many more. Perfect for English literature students, UGC NET aspirants, and research scholars who want to understand modern literary criticism and theoretical approaches. Major Branches and Theories in English Literature: A Simple Guide for Literature Students Introduction English Literature is not only about reading poems, novels, and plays. It also includes many critical theories and branches that help us understand texts in deeper ways. Over time, scholars have developed different approaches to analyze literature , such as Feminism, Marxism, Postcolonial theory, Diaspora studies, Ecocriticism, and many others. These literary branches examine literature from different perspectives like history, culture, gender, psychology, enviro...

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  STRUCTURALISM Definition: Structuralism studies literature as a system of signs and structures. Structuralism studies underlying structure of language and literature It started in 1950 France Main idea: Meaning comes from structure, language, and system , not individual text only. Based on linguistics. Founder: Ferdinand de Saussure- Course in General Linguistics Famous structuralists: Claude Lévi‑Strauss Roland Barthes Roman Jakobson Key concepts: Sign = Signifier + Signified Binary oppositions (good/evil, male/female) Structure creates meaning 1. Sign Sign = Signifier + Signified Example: Tree word = Signifier Tree idea = Signified 2. Langue and Parole Langue = language system Parole = individual speech 3. Binary Opposition Opposite concepts: good / evil male / female life / death 4. Structure gives meaning Meaning comes from system, not individual word Major Structuralists Claude Lévi-Strauss Applied struct...

NEW CRITICISM   New Criticism is a literary theory that focuses only on the text itself , not the author, history, or reader. New Criticism is a formalist theory that treats the literary text as an independent, self-sufficient object and analyses its internal elements. It started in 1920–1940 in America and England Main idea: The text is independent and contains its own meaning. Key features: Focus on close reading Study of imagery, irony, paradox, symbol, tension Rejects author’s intention and reader’s emotion Text is a self-contained object Famous critics: Cleanth Brooks T S. Eliot I. A. Richards John Crowe Ransom Example: New Critics analyse paradox in poetry like: Main Principles 1. Close Reading Detailed analysis of: imagery paradox irony symbol tension 2. Intentional Fallacy Term by: W. K. Wimsatt Monroe Beardsley Meaning: Author’s intention should not be used to interpret text. 3. Affective Fallacy Meaning: Reader’s emotion is irrelevant. Text meaning ≠ reader feel...

  🐯 The Tyger – 🐯 The Tyger – William Blake | Summary, Meaning & Analysis Author: William Blake Collection: Songs of Experience (1794) Poetic Form: Lyric poem / Symbolic poem Number of Stanzas: 6 Lines: 24 Rhyme Scheme: AABB Meter: Trochaic Tetrameter 📖 Summary of “The Tyger” The Tyger describes a fearsome and beautiful tiger burning brightly in the darkness of the forest. The poet asks a series of rhetorical questions about who could create such a powerful and terrifying creature. Blake imagines the tiger being forged like in a blacksmith’s workshop, emphasizing its strength and energy . He also compares the tiger to the gentle lamb from Songs of Innocence , reflecting the contrast between innocence and experience . The poem highlights the mystery of creation and the coexistence of good and evil in the world. 🎯 Key Themes Mystery of creation Power and violence Innocence vs. experience Good vs. evil Awe and wonder ✨ Symbols ...