U NET : NET SET PHD EXAM

  Pre-Raphaelite Movement – UGC NET English Literature Notes 1. Introduction The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) was founded in 1848 in England by three young artists: Dante Gabriel Rossetti William Holman Hunt John Everett Millais They opposed the conventional academic art associated with Raphael and later artistic traditions. They favoured detailed observation of nature, vivid colours, medieval subjects and symbolic imagery. The movement also influenced poetry and literature. 2. Major Literary Writers Writer Important Works Dante Gabriel Rossetti The Blessed Damozel , The House of Life Christina Rossetti Goblin Market , Remember , In the Bleak Midwinter William Morris The Defence of Guenevere , The Earthly Paradise Algernon Charles Swinburne Atalanta in Calydon , Poems and Ballads George Meredith Modern Love Important: Rossetti, Morris and Swinburne were associated with the literary influence of Pre-Raphaelitism...

  Transcendentalism – UGC NET English Literature Notes 1. Definition Transcendentalism was a philosophical and literary movement that developed in New England, USA, during the 1830s and 1840s . It emphasised: The inherent goodness of human beings. The divinity of nature. Individual intuition over established religious doctrines. Self-reliance and individual freedom. The spiritual connection between humanity, nature and God. Resistance to conformity and materialism. Central idea: Truth can be discovered through individual intuition and direct experience of nature, rather than through institutions or tradition alone. 2. Major Writers and Thinkers Writer Important Works Exam Point Ralph Waldo Emerson Nature (1836), Self-Reliance (1841), The American Scholar (1837) Leading intellectual figure of Transcendentalism Henry David Thoreau Walden (1854), Civil Disobedience (1849) Simple living, nature and individual conscience Margar...