✨ Types of Figures of Speech
1. Simile
Comparison using like or as.
Ex: Her smile is like the sunshine.
2. Metaphor
Direct comparison without like/as.
Ex: Time is a thief.
3. Personification
Giving human qualities to non-human things.
Ex: The wind whispered in the trees.
4. Hyperbole
An extreme exaggeration.
Ex: I’ve told you a million times.
5. Alliteration
Repetition of initial consonant sounds.
Ex: She sells sea shells.
6. Assonance
Repetition of vowel sounds.
Ex: The eagle eats early.
7. Onomatopoeia
Words that imitate sounds.
Ex: The bees buzzed.
8. Oxymoron
Two opposite words together.
Ex: Sweet sorrow.
9. Paradox
A statement that seems false but is true.
Ex: Less is more.
10. Irony
Saying the opposite of what you mean.
Ex: A pilot afraid of heights.
11. Metonymy
One word stands for something related.
Ex: The crown made a new law.
12. Synecdoche
Part represents whole or whole for part.
Ex: All hands on deck.
13. Apostrophe
Addressing someone absent or non-living.
Ex: O Death, where is thy sting?
14. Euphemism
A polite way of saying something harsh.
Ex: He passed away.
15. Litotes
Using negative to express a positive.
Ex: She is not unhappy.
16. Pun
A wordplay with double meaning.
Ex: A boiled egg is hard to beat.
17. Antithesis
Two opposite ideas together.
Ex: Speech is silver, silence is golden.
18. Anaphora
Repetition at the beginning of sentences.
Ex: Every day, every night, every moment…
19. Epistrophe
Repetition at the end of sentences.
Ex: See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.
20. Chiasmus
Reversal of structure (A-B, B-A).
Ex: Never let a fool kiss you nor a kiss fool you.
21. Climax
Ideas in increasing order.
Ex: He whispered, spoke, and shouted.
22. Anti-climax
Ideas in descending order.
Ex: He lost his family, his job, and his pen.
23. Zeugma
One word used for two different meanings.
Ex: She broke his car and his heart.
24. Tautology
Unnecessary repetition of words.
Ex: It is a free gift.
25. Allusion
An indirect reference.
Ex: He is a real Romeo.
26. Allegory
A story with a hidden meaning.
Ex: Animal Farm is an allegory of the Russian Revolution.
27. Imagery
Words that create sensory pictures.
Ex: The golden sun warmed the earth.
28. Symbolism
A symbol represents a deeper idea.
Ex: A dove symbolizes peace.
29. Analogy
A comparison that explains something.
Ex: Life is like a box of chocolates.
30. Understatement
Making something seem smaller than it is.
Ex: It’s just a scratch (when it’s deep).
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